Immune thrombocytopenia purpura flare post COVID-19 vaccine

Abstract

Introduction and importance: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently discovered disease that has yet to be thoroughly described. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that can be transmitted easily from human to human, mainly by the respiratory route. The disease often presents with non-specific symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue, accompanied by respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough and dyspnea) and other systemic involvement. Currently, vaccination is the primary strategy to prevent transmission and reduce disease severity. However, vaccines have side effects, and the consequences of vaccination in different diseases are not well established. Moreover, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy is another not well-known area.

Case presentation: We present a young lady known to have ITP, which was controlled for years, presented with relapse after taking the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during pregnancy.

Clinical discussion: The patient had a relapse of ITP after the introduction of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, which worsened further after the second dose. This suggests that patients with ITP who develop flare post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine should have their second dose delayed, particularly if pregnant.

Conclusion: To avoid further deterioration in platelet count, and avoid confusion due to the presence of different causes of thrombocytopenia and avoid complications related to thrombocytopenia during pregnancy which can affect the mode of delivery.

The case is reported in line with the scare 2020 criteria: Agha RA, Franchi T, Sohrabi C, Mathew G, for the SCARE Group. The SCARE 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) Guidelines, International Journal of Surgery 2020; 84:226-230.

Keywords: COVID-19; Immune thrombocytopenic purpura; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine.