Rectal cancer: Maximizing local control and minimizing toxicity

J Surg Oncol. 2022 Jan;125(1):46-54. doi: 10.1002/jso.26743.

Abstract

Adoption of multimodality treatment approach for rectal cancer has resulted in significant improvements in oncologic outcomes. The roles of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery in rectal cancer treatment are continuously evolving with the goal of achieving the best possible oncologic and functional outcome while minimizing treatment toxicity. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent trials focusing on organ-sparing treatment strategies and the optimal selection of patients for neoadjuvant radiation therapy.

Keywords: local excision; neoadjuvant therapy; organ preservation; radiation; rectal cancer; watch and wait.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
  • Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
  • Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures / methods
  • Humans
  • Neoadjuvant Therapy
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Organ Sparing Treatments / methods*
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Rectal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Rectal Neoplasms / therapy*