IDF Diabetes Atlas: The prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy - A systematic reviewand meta-analysis of studies published during 2010-2020

Tawanda Chivese; Cecilia A Hoegfeldt; Mahmoud Werfalli; Lili Yuen; Hong Sun; Suvi Karuranga; Ninghua Li; Akhil Gupta; Jincy Immanuel; Hema Divakar; Camille E Powe; Naomi S Levitt; Xilin Yang; David Simmons

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109049

IDF Diabetes Atlas: The prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy - A systematic reviewand meta-analysis of studies published during 2010-2020

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Jan:183:109049. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109049. Epub 2021 Dec 6.

Authors

Tawanda Chivese¹, Cecilia A Hoegfeldt², Mahmoud Werfalli³, Lili Yuen⁴, Hong Sun⁵, Suvi Karuranga⁵, Ninghua Li⁶, Akhil Gupta⁴, Jincy Immanuel⁴, Hema Divakar⁵, Camille E Powe⁷, Naomi S Levitt⁸, Xilin Yang⁶, David Simmons⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Population Medicine, College of medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
² Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
³ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Libya.
⁴ School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia.
⁵ International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium.
⁶ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
⁷ Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁸ Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁹ School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia. Electronic address: Da.Simmons@westernsydney.edu.au.

PMID: 34883190
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109049

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy from studies published during 2010-2020.

Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and other sources for relevant data sources. The prevalence of overall pre-existing, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, by country, region and period of study was synthesised from included studies using the inverse-variance heterogeneity model and the Freeman-Tukey transformation. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic and publication bias using funnel plots.

Results: We identified 2479 records, of which 42 data sources with a total of 78 943 376 women, met the eligibility criteria. The included studies were from 17 countries in North America, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Australasia, Asia and Africa. The lowest prevalence was in Europe (0.5%, 95 %CI 0.4-0.7) and the highest in the Middle East and North Africa (2.4%, 95 %CI 1.5-3.1). The prevalence of pre-existing diabetes doubled from 0.5% (95 %CI 0.1-1.0) to 1.0% (95 %CI 0.6-1.5) during the period 1990-2020. The pooled prevalences of pre-existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes were 0.3% (95 %CI 0.2-0.4) and 0.2% (95 %CI 0.0-0.9) respectively.

Conclusion: While the prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy is low, it has doubled from 1990 to 2020.

Keywords: Pre-existing diabetes; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Africa
Africa, Northern
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
Female
Humans
Middle East / epidemiology
Pregnancy
Prevalence