Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Monitor Perfusion During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Pediatric Heart Surgery

Mingjie Zhang; Yinyu Yang; Xi Chen; Yixiao Song; Limin Zhu; Xiaolei Gong; Haibo Zhang; Zhuoming Xu

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.762731

Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Monitor Perfusion During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Pediatric Heart Surgery

Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Nov 22:8:762731. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.762731. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Mingjie Zhang¹, Yinyu Yang¹, Xi Chen¹, Yixiao Song¹, Limin Zhu¹, Xiaolei Gong¹, Haibo Zhang¹, Zhuoming Xu¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Objective: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an effective mechanical circulatory support that is used to rescue critically ill patients after congenital heart surgery. As there was still no recommended guideline for monitoring parameters during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), this study aimed to investigate the role of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the early period of venoarterial (VA)-ECMO. Method: This study enrolled patients with NIRS monitoring during ECMO after pediatric cardiac surgery at Shanghai Children's Medical Center (2018-2020). The information obtained from the retrospective, the observational dataset included the demographic information, diagnoses, baseline characteristics, procedural details, ECMO data, monitoring data, in-hospital mortality, and complications of the patients. Results: The overall mortality rate was 43.6%. Lactate was significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors at 12 h (11.25 ± 7.26 vs. 6.96 ± 5.95 mmol/l, p = 0.022) and 48 h [2.2 (0.7, 20) vs. 1.4 (0.7, 5.8) mmol/l, p = 0.008] after initiation of ECMO. The cranial regional oxygen saturation (CrSO₂) was significantly higher in survivors compared to non-survivors at 24 h (62.5 ± 14.61 vs. 52.05 ± 13.98%, p = 0.028), 36 h (64.04 ± 14.12 vs. 51.27 ± 15.65%, p = 0.005), and 48 h (65.32 ± 11.51 vs. 55.00 ± 14.18%, p = 0.008). Multivariate logistics regression analysis of the hemodynamic and laboratory parameters revealed that the CrSO₂ at 36 h (OR = 0.945, p = 0.049) and 48 h (OR = 0.919, p = 0.032) was related to mortality. The use of continuous renal replacement therapy (OR = 14.940, p = 0.039) was also related to mortality. The optimal cutoff values for CrSO₂ for predicting mortality after weaning off ECMO at 36 and 48 h were 57% (sensitivity: 61.5%, specificity: 80%) and 56% (sensitivity: 76.9%, specificity: 70%), respectively. The risk of mortality was higher among patients with a CrSO₂(36h) < 57% (p = 0.028) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Conclusion: Near-infrared spectroscopy may be a useful tool for monitoring the hemodynamic stability during the early period of ECMO, while CrSO₂ can predict the in-hospital mortality after ECMO.

Keywords: ECMO perfusion; NIRS; heart surgery; mortality; pediatric.