Background: Many studies have demonstrated that acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) effectively treats knee osteoarthritis (KOA), with few side effects. However, few systematic reviews have offered evidence-based support. Here we conducted a meta-analysis on the combination of acupuncture with CHM in treating KOA.
Methods: Databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were systematically searched for articles on the treatment of KOA by acupuncture combined with CHM from the establishment of the database to May 2021. Three researchers independently searched, screened, extracted, and included articles that met the inclusion standards. The primary outcome measure was overall response rate (ORR), and the secondary outcome measures included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and Lysholm score. ORR was a binary variable, while other indicators were continuous variables. The quality of literature was assessed with a modified Jadad scale. The RevMan 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Thirty-three randomized controlled trials involving 3,954 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that ORR [odds ratio (OR) =5.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): (4.38, 6.68); P<0.00001], VAS score [mean difference (MD) =-1.86; 95% CI: (-2.44, -1.29); P<0.00001], WOMAC score [MD =-13.05; 95% CI: (-21.70, -4.41); P=0.003], and Lysholm score [MD =10.47; 95% CI: (5.21, 15.72); P<0.0001] in the combination group were significantly superior to those in the control group.
Discussion: Compared with acupuncture alone or CHM/Western drug alone, acupuncture combined with CHM can effectively alleviate knee pain, improve knee function, and increase the quality of life. Thus, this combination can be used as a conservative treatment for KOA. However, due to the small number of high-quality articles and possible biases in our analysis, our conclusions need to be further verified in more and higher-quality studies.
Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA); acupuncture; meta analysis; randomized controlled trial; traditional Chinese medicine.