Synthesis and Incorporation of Quaternary Ammonium Silane Antimicrobial into Self-Crosslinked Type I Collagen Scaffold: A Hybrid Formulation for 3D Printing

Macromol Biosci. 2022 Mar;22(3):e2100326. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202100326. Epub 2021 Dec 19.

Abstract

Novel 3D-biomaterial scaffold is constructed having a combination of a new quaternary ammonium silane (k21) antimicrobial impregnated in 3D collagen printed scaffolds cross linked with Riboflavin in presence of d-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethyleneglycol)-1000-succinate. Groups of "0.1% and 0.2% k21", and "0.1% and 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX)" are prepared. k21/CHX with neutralized collagen is printed with BioX. Riboflavin is photo-activated and examined using epifluorescence for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (7-days). Collagen is examined using TEM and measured for porosity, and shape-fitting. Raman and tandem mass/solid-state are performed with molecular-docking and circular-dichroism. X-ray diffractions, rheological tests, contact angle, and ninhydrin assay are conducted. k21 samples demonstrated collagen aggregates while 0.1% CHX and 0.2% CHX showed irregularities. Porosity of control and "0.1% and 0.2% k21" scaffolds show no differences. Low contact angle, improved elastic-modulus, rigidity, and smaller strain in k21 groups are seen. Bacteria are reduced and strong organic intensities are seen in k21 scaffolds. Simulation shows hydrophobicity/electrostatic interaction. Crosslinking is observed in 0.2% CHX/79% and 0.2% k21/80%. Circular dichroism for k21 are suggestive of triple helix. XRD patterns appear at d = 5.97, 3.03, 2.78, 2.1, and 2.90 A°. 3D-printing of collagen impregnated with quaternary ammonium silane produces a promising scaffold with antimicrobial potency and structural stability.

Keywords: 3D printing; antimicrobial; collagen scaffold; membranes; quaternary ammonium silane.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ammonium Compounds*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anti-Infective Agents* / pharmacology
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Collagen
  • Collagen Type I
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional
  • Riboflavin
  • Silanes
  • Tissue Scaffolds

Substances

  • Ammonium Compounds
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Collagen Type I
  • Silanes
  • Collagen
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Riboflavin