Research Progress, Challenges, and Breakthroughs of Organoids as Disease Models

Yisheng Huang; Zhijie Huang; Zhengming Tang; Yuanxin Chen; Mingshu Huang; Hongyu Liu; Weibo Huang; Qingsong Ye; Bo Jia

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.740574

Research Progress, Challenges, and Breakthroughs of Organoids as Disease Models

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Nov 16:9:740574. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740574. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Yisheng Huang¹, Zhijie Huang¹, Zhengming Tang¹, Yuanxin Chen¹, Mingshu Huang¹, Hongyu Liu¹, Weibo Huang², Qingsong Ye^{3

4}, Bo Jia¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
² Department of stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Guangzhou, China.
³ Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
⁴ School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China.

Abstract

Traditional cell lines and xenograft models have been widely recognized and used in research. As a new research model, organoids have made significant progress and development in the past 10 years. Compared with traditional models, organoids have more advantages and have been applied in cancer research, genetic diseases, infectious diseases, and regenerative medicine. This review presented the advantages and disadvantages of organoids in physiological development, pathological mechanism, drug screening, and organ transplantation. Further, this review summarized the current situation of vascularization, immune microenvironment, and hydrogel, which are the main influencing factors of organoids, and pointed out the future directions of development.

Keywords: disease model; extracellular matrix; immune environment; organoids; vascularization.

Publication types

Review