Patterns of Insulin Secretion During First-Phase Insulin Secretion in Normal Chinese Adults

Tao Yuan; Shuoning Song; Tianyi Zhao; Yanbei Duo; Shihan Wang; Junxiang Gao; Shixuan Liu; Yingyue Dong; Rui Li; Yong Fu; Weigang Zhao

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.738427

Patterns of Insulin Secretion During First-Phase Insulin Secretion in Normal Chinese Adults

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Nov 17:12:738427. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.738427. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Tao Yuan¹, Shuoning Song¹, Tianyi Zhao¹, Yanbei Duo¹, Shihan Wang¹, Junxiang Gao¹, Shixuan Liu¹, Yingyue Dong¹, Rui Li¹, Yong Fu¹, Weigang Zhao¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Background: The increase in diabetes worldwide is alarming. Decreased acute insulin response to intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) during first-phase insulin secretion (FPIS) is a characteristic of diabetes. However, knowledge of the insulin secretion characteristics identified by different time to glucose peak in subjects with different metabolic state is sparse.

Aims: This study aimed to find different patterns of FPIS in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and analyzed the relationship between insulin secretion patterns and the risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 126 subjects were divided into three groups during a 10-min IVGTT, including NGT with time to glucose peak after 3 min (G1, n = 21), NGT with time to glucose peak at 3 min (G2, n = 95), and prediabetes or diabetes with time to glucose peak at 3 min (G3, n = 10). Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations at 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 min during the IVGTT were tested. IVGTT-based indices were calculated to evaluate the insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.

Results: Age, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, triglyceride (TG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of subjects were gradually higher, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was gradually lower from G1 to G3 (p for linear trend <0.05), and the differences between G1 and G2 were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). Glucose peak of most participants in G1 converged at 5 min, and the curves shape of insulin and C-peptide in G2 were the sharpest among three groups. There was no significant difference in all IVGTT-based indices between G1 and G2, but AUC_Ins, AUC_Ins/AUC_Glu, and △Ins₃/△Glu₃ in G2 were the highest, and the p-value for linear trend of those indices among three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Two patterns of FPIS were in subjects with NGT, while subjects with later time to glucose peak during FPIS might be less likely to develop T2DM in the future.

Keywords: first-phase insulin secretion; insulin sensitivity; intravenous glucose tolerance test; normal glucose tolerance; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Blood Glucose / analysis*
China
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood*
Female
Glucose Tolerance Test
Humans
Insulin Resistance / physiology*
Insulin Secretion / physiology*
Male
Middle Aged
Prediabetic State / blood*
Risk Assessment
Young Adult

Substances

Blood Glucose