Callus induction and regeneration in sugarcane under drought stress

Nader R Abdelsalam; Wafaa E Grad; Nabawya S A Ghura; Ahmed E Khalid; Rehab Y Ghareeb; El-Sayed M Desoky; Mostafa M Rady; Hatim M Al-Yasi; Esmat F Ali

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.047

Callus induction and regeneration in sugarcane under drought stress

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Dec;28(12):7432-7442. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.047. Epub 2021 Aug 27.

Authors

Nader R Abdelsalam¹, Wafaa E Grad², Nabawya S A Ghura², Ahmed E Khalid¹, Rehab Y Ghareeb³, El-Sayed M Desoky⁴, Mostafa M Rady⁵, Hatim M Al-Yasi⁶, Esmat F Ali⁶

Affiliations

¹ Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt.
² Breeding and Genetics Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
³ Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
⁴ Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
⁵ Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
⁶ Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Tissue culture methods are useful in assessing the tolerance of various stresses due to the ease of controlling stress under in vitro conditions. This study aimed to investigate the response of sugarcane genotyps to drought stress using calli as a model system. For inducing sugarcane callus, the medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) was used with different mannitol concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mM) to measure their effects on callus frequency, the day of callus initiation, embryogenic potential, relative growth rate (RGR), water and proline contents, K⁺ and Na⁺ contents, as well as the formation of shoot and roots for three sugarcane genotypes (e.g., GT 54-9, G 84-47, and pH 8013). The RAPD-PCR analysis was carried out using five oligonucleotide primers to identify the genetic variation among sugarcane genotypes. The results indicated that the degree of callus proliferation varied from 70 - 86%. The highest value of callus proliferation, PGR, shoot formation was recorded for the genotype GT 54-9 compared to the other two genotypes (G 84-47 and pH 8013). Calli treated with 100 mM mannitol showed the highest RGR, proline and waer contents for the genotype GT 54-9, while, those treated with 300 mM recorded the lowest values of these parameters for the genotype pH 8013. The genotype G 84-47 collected highest Na⁺ content, while the genotype pH 8013 collected highest K⁺ content. The results of this study recommend preference for GT 54-9 genotype, which is considered the most promising genotype, showing more tolerance to drought stress based on all studied traits.

Keywords: Development; Mass propagation; Regeneration; Saccharum officinarum; Tissue culture; Water scarcity.