1 Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: zemanuel@upenn.edu.
2 All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
3 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
4 Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
5 Sturm College of Law, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
6 Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
7 Department of Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.