The sluggish kinetics of sulfur conversion in the cathode and the nonuniform deposition of lithium metal at the anode result in severe capacity decay and poor cycle life for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Resolving these deficiencies is the most direct route toward achieving practical cells of this chemistry. Herein, a vertically aligned wood-derived carbon plate decorated with Co4 N nanoparticles host (Co4 N/WCP) is proposed that can serve as a host for both the sulfur cathode and the metallic lithium anode. This Co4 N/WCP electrode host drastically enhances the reaction kinetics in the sulfur cathode and homogenizes the electric field at the anode for the uniform lithium plating. Density functional theory calculations confirm the experimental observations that Co4 N/WCP provides a lower energy barrier for the polysulfide redox reaction in the cathode and a low adsorption energy for lithium deposition at the anode. Employing the Co4 N/WCP host at both electrodes in a S@Co4 N/WCP||Li@Co4 N/WCP full cell delivers a specific capacity of 807.9 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at a 1 C rate. Additional experiments are performed with high areal sulfur loading of 4 mg cm-2 to demonstrate the viability of this strategy for producing practical Li-S cells.
Keywords: electrocatalysis; lithium deposition; lithium-sulfur full cells; sulfur conversion; wood-derived carbon.
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