Keywords: AF, Atrial Fibrillation; CCL2, C-C motif Chemokine Ligand 2; CM, Cardiomyocyte; CamKII, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II; IFN-γ, Interferon gamma; IL, Interleukin; LA, Left Atrium; LVZ, Low Voltage Zone; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein-3; Th-cell, T helper cell.