Background/aim: Recurrent osteosarcoma is recalcitrant with poor response rates to first-line chemotherapy due to heterogeneity and metastatic potential. This disease requires novel drug discovery and precision treatment.
Materials and methods: The osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model mimics the clinical disease and has identified effective clinically-approved drugs and experimental agents, especially drug combinations, that hold much clinical promise.
Results: Effective treatment for drug-resistant osteosarcoma includes regorafenib, as monotherapy, and temozolomide-irinotecan, trabectedin-irinotecan, sorafenib-everolimus, sorafenib-palbociclib, and olaratumab-doxorubicin-cisplatinum, as combinations.
Conclusion: The PDOX model can be used to improve the outcome of osteosarcoma patients, including individualized, precision therapy.
Keywords: Osteosarcoma; PDOX; drug discovery; precision medicine; review.
Copyright © 2021 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.