Study and Detection of Citrus Viroids in Woody Hosts

Robert R Krueger; Georgios Vidalakis

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8_1

Study and Detection of Citrus Viroids in Woody Hosts

Methods Mol Biol. 2022:2316:3-21. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8_1.

Authors

Robert R Krueger¹, Georgios Vidalakis²

Affiliations

¹ United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, CA, USA. robert.krueger@usda.gov.
² Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. vidalg@ucr.edu.

PMID: 34845680
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8_1

Abstract

Biological indexing is based upon the ability of certain plants, referred to as indicator plants or indicators, to produce specific symptoms when inoculated with a pathogen using mechanical means or grafting. In the case of citrus viroids, clonal indicators are grafted on to vigorous rootstocks such as rough lemon (Citrus × granulata Raf.). The 'Arizona-861-S-1' citron clonal indicator (C. medica L.) can detect and bioamplify all citrus viroids; however, for specific citrus variants of the hop stunt viroid (i.e., CVd-IIb and CVd-IIc), the clonal indicator 'Parson's special # 9' mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) is preferred. Inoculation techniques and symptom expression are described in detail. Other supporting elements, such as greenhouse conditions and propagation techniques, are also presented.

Keywords: Bioassay; Cachexia; Exocortis; Graft inoculation; Indexing; Indicator.

MeSH terms

Citrus*
Plant Diseases
Viroids* / genetics