Sugar beet extract rich in glycine betaine modulates oxidative defense system and key physiological characteristics of maize under water-deficit stress

PLoS One. 2021 Nov 29;16(11):e0254906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254906. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Now-a-days, plant-based extracts, as a cheap source of growth activators, are being widely used to treat plants grown under extreme climatic conditions. So, a trial was conducted to assess the response of two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties, Sadaf (drought tolerant) and Sultan (drought sensitive) to foliar-applied sugar beet extract (SBE) under varying water-deficit conditions. Different SBE (control, 1%, 2%, 3% & 4%) levels were used in this study, and plants were exposed to water-deficit [(75% and 60% of field capacity (FC)] and control (100% FC) conditions. It was observed that root and shoot dry weights (growth), total soluble proteins, RWC-relative water contents, total phenolics, chlorophyll pigments and leaf area per plant decreased under different water stress regimes. While, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), RMP-relative membrane permeability, H2O2-hydrogen peroxide and the activities of antioxidant enzymes [CAT-catalase, POD-peroxidase and SOD-superoxide dismutase] were found to be improved in water stress affected maize plants. Exogenous application of varying levels of SBE ameliorated the negative effects of water-deficit stress by enhancing the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, RWC, proline, glycinebetaine (GB), activities of POD and CAT enzymes and levels of total phenolics, whereas it reduced the lipid peroxidation in both maize varieties under varying water stress levels. It was noted that 3% and 4% levels of SBE were more effective than the other levels used in enhancing the growth as well as other characteristics of the maize varieties. Overall, the sugar beet extract proved to be beneficial for improving growth and metabolism of maize plants exposed to water stress.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Beta vulgaris*
  • Betaine*
  • Dehydration / metabolism*
  • Droughts
  • Malondialdehyde / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
  • Stress, Physiological / drug effects*
  • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
  • Zea mays / drug effects*
  • Zea mays / metabolism

Substances

  • Plant Extracts
  • Betaine
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Superoxide Dismutase

Grants and funding

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Taif University for supporting this work through Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP - 2020/64), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this manuscript is part of research work conducted by SS and was funded by Higher Education Commission Pakistan through the project Number, HEC project #. NRPU-5599.