Survey on usage and concerns of a COVID-19 contact tracing application in Japan

Masaki Machida; Itaru Nakamura; Reiko Saito; Tomoki Nakaya; Tomoya Hanibuchi; Tomoko Takamiya; Yuko Odagiri; Noritoshi Fukushima; Hiroyuki Kikuchi; Shiho Amagasa; Takako Kojima; Hidehiro Watanabe; Shigeru Inoue

doi:10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100125

Survey on usage and concerns of a COVID-19 contact tracing application in Japan

Public Health Pract (Oxf). 2021 Nov:2:100125. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100125. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
² Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
³ Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
⁴ Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba, 468-1, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan.
⁵ Department of International Medical Communications, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to identify the concerns, current implementation status and correct usage, and factors inhibiting implementation and correct use of a COVID-19 contact tracing application among the ordinary citizens in Japan.

Study design: This was a cross-sectional study based on an internet survey completed by 2013 participants who were selected among registrants of an Internet research company between September 8 and 13, 2020.

Methods: Participants completed an online survey that included thoughts and concerns about the application, status of use, and questions about whether the application was being used correctly. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to clarify the association between the use of the app and sociodemographic factors and user concerns.

Results: Of the 2013 respondents, 429 (21.3%) participants reported using this application, but only 60.8% of them used it correctly. The percentage of those having some concerns about the application ranged from 45.9% to 75.5%, with the highest percentage being 'doubts about effectiveness of apps for preventing spread of infection'. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed, the main concerns inhibiting application use were insufficient knowledge of how to use it, privacy concerns, doubts about the effectiveness of the app, and concerns about battery consumption and communication costs. Additionally, the prevalence of the application was lower for lower-income individuals.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that income may create inequalities in the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 contact tracing applications. Awareness activity strategies to dispel such concerns and support low-income individuals may be needed.

Keywords: COVID-19; Contact tracing application; Pandemic; Personal protective measures; Public health.