Seasonal effect of milk yield and blood metabolites in relation to ketosis of dairy cows fed under a high ambient temperature

Sumpun Thammacharoen; Sapon Semsirmboon; Somchai Chanpongsang; Narongsak Chaiyabutr; Pawares Panyasomboonying; Paweenut Khundamrongkul; Peeravit Puchongmart; Worapruch Wichachai

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2021.2392-2396

Seasonal effect of milk yield and blood metabolites in relation to ketosis of dairy cows fed under a high ambient temperature

Vet World. 2021 Sep;14(9):2392-2396. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2392-2396. Epub 2021 Sep 16.

Authors

Sumpun Thammacharoen¹, Sapon Semsirmboon¹, Somchai Chanpongsang², Narongsak Chaiyabutr^{1

3

4}, Pawares Panyasomboonying¹, Paweenut Khundamrongkul¹, Peeravit Puchongmart¹, Worapruch Wichachai¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
² Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
³ The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
⁴ Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

Abstract

Background and aim: Metabolism and environment are closely related. Under high ambient temperature (HTa), dairy cows may have different energy metabolism during summer and winter. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of HTa on the milk yield and blood concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and glucose at the herd level.

Materials and methods: One large dairy farm in Thailand with more than 100 crossbred Holstein cows milked each month was selected. The first experiment was performed on non-lactating cows to determine the normal daily concentrations of blood BHBA and glucose. Under the HTa condition, there was no significant change in blood BHBA and glucose concentrations. The second experiment was performed using a prospective cohort clinical design to demonstrate the seasonal effect on milk yield and blood BHBA as an indication of energy metabolism at the herd level.

Results: The temperature and humidity index for the winter (78.1±0.5) and summer (83.4±0.7) periods differ significantly. The average milk yield during the winter period was 17.8% higher than during the summer period. The reduction of body condition score (BCS) during early lactation was significant in the winter cows. Both higher milk yield and lower BCS in the winter cows suggested a state of negative energy balance. However, there was no difference in blood BHBA and glucose concentrations between winter and summer cows. The effect of HTa on insulin signaling appeared to be a counterbalancing factor for the ketogenic status. Based on the present results, it would be interesting to further investigate the incidence of subclinical and clinical ketosis in a dairy farm under tropical conditions.

Conclusion: The present experiment revealed that HTa during summer decreased milk yield in dairy cows fed under tropical conditions. Higher milk yield in winter caused a greater reduction of BCS and suggested a greater negative energy balance. However, there was no seasonal effect on blood BHBA and glucose concentrations.

Keywords: dairy cattle; environmental temperature; heat stress; lactation; subclinical ketosis.