Hourglass cesarean scar: A neglected external niche in association with the internal niche

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
• ² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Good Samaritan Medical Center, Brockton, Massachusetts, USA.
• ³ Department of Radiology, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁴ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bank-e-Melli Iran Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁵ Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
• ⁶ Department of Gynecology Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁷ Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
• ⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
• ⁹ School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
• ¹⁰ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.