Organic/inorganic amendments for the remediation of a red paddy soil artificially contaminated with different cadmium levels: Leaching, speciation, and phytoavailability tests

Yasir Hamid; Lei Liu; Muhammad Usman; Lin Tang; Qiang Lin; Muhammad Saqib Rashid; Zaid Ulhassan; M Iftikhar Hussain; Xiaoe Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114148

Organic/inorganic amendments for the remediation of a red paddy soil artificially contaminated with different cadmium levels: Leaching, speciation, and phytoavailability tests

J Environ Manage. 2022 Feb 1:303:114148. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114148. Epub 2021 Nov 24.

Authors

Yasir Hamid¹, Lei Liu², Muhammad Usman³, Lin Tang², Qiang Lin², Muhammad Saqib Rashid⁴, Zaid Ulhassan⁵, M Iftikhar Hussain⁶, Xiaoe Yang⁷

Affiliations

¹ Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. Electronic address: yasirses2007@gmail.com.
² Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
³ PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
⁴ AS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
⁵ Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
⁶ Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
⁷ Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. Electronic address: xeyang@zju.edu.cn.

PMID: 34838377
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114148

Abstract

In the present study, the viability of using manure (M), lime (L), and sepiolite (S) alone and in combinations (M/L, M/S, and M/L/S) was evaluated for the remediation of a red paddy soil artificially contaminated with three levels of cadmium (Cd- 0.6, 1, and 2 mg kg^-1 soil). Experiments were performed in columns (to evaluate Cd leaching) and pots by growing rice plants (to study Cd accumulation in plants). Before their application, the tested amendments were thoroughly characterized using SEM, EDS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The leaching experiment indicates that the application of L or M/L significantly improved the pH of soil leachate collected at different time intervals. However, the use of M/L/S was found better in decreasing the Cd contents in collected leachate. The use of M/L efficiently decreased the DTPA metal extraction (0.19, 0.41, and 0.55 mg kg^-1) as compared to the CK (0.35, 0.63, and 1.13 mg kg^-1, respectively). The Cd speciation results depicted a 33% decrease in exchangeable Cd with M/L/S treatment when compared with control (55%). Moreover, the M/L/S treatment was more efficient in lowering the Cd phytoavailability and subsequent accumulation in rice grains (0.05, 0.09, and 0.08 mg kg^-1). These findings demonstrate that the use of composite amendments is categorically effective as an in-situ remediation tool to decrease Cd leaching and availability in diverse contaminations.

Keywords: Cd immobilization; Cd leaching; Metal mobility and bioavailability; Soil amendments; Spiked soil.

MeSH terms

Cadmium / analysis
Oryza*
Soil
Soil Pollutants* / analysis
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Substances

Soil
Soil Pollutants
Cadmium