Comparison of health access, lifestyle, prostate cancer knowledge and screening among black men residing in West Africa and the USA

Orlando Rivera Colón; Opeyemi Bolajoko; Folakemi Odedina; Folakemi Odedina

doi:10.3332/ecancer.2021.1309

Comparison of health access, lifestyle, prostate cancer knowledge and screening among black men residing in West Africa and the USA

Ecancermedicalscience. 2021 Oct 25:15:1309. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1309. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Orlando Rivera Colón¹, Opeyemi Bolajoko², Folakemi Odedina³, Folakemi Odedina^{1

2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
² Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
³ Department of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
⁴ Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium.

Abstract

Background: In Blacks, late presentation, lack of knowledge, health infrastructural deficiencies and socio-demographic characteristics, which result in poor outcomes, are the bane of cancers. This study evaluated health access and lifestyle association with prostate cancer (PCa) knowledge and screening among black men.

Methodology: This study used data from the Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium familial cohort study. Data were gathered from a cross-sectional survey of 500 community-dwelling black men in Nigeria, Cameroon, and the USA. Information on socio-demographics, health care access, PCa knowledge score and screening behaviour was obtained, and the association between these variables was evaluated.

Results: The majority (81.6%) were Nigerian. The age ranges were 35-49 (55.2%) and ≥65 (8.4%). The income distribution of the respondents showed that 23.3% earned <$1,000 and 30.7% (>$2,000) monthly. Only 43% had health insurance coverage, and 12% had accessed a doctor in 12 months. Respondents relied on orthodox medicine (50.8%), neighbourhood pharmacy (10.6%), self-medication (5%) and neighbourhood nurse (24.6%). The participants had either poor (45.2%) or very poor (23.2%) dietary patterns. Most (66.67%) do not engage in physical activity and about 33.33% engage in some exercises. Moreover, 87.8% and 78.3% have never had a digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in their lifetime, respectively, while 6.8% and 1.6% had DRE last 1 year and 2 years, respectively. Furthermore, 65.2%, 19.8% and 15% of the respondents had poor, fair and good knowledge of PCa, respectively. Health care coverage (p < 0.001), medical care habit (p = 0.001), routine checkup (p = 0.013) were significantly associated with respondents' PCa knowledge. Routine checkup (p < 0.001) and country (p < 0.001) were significantly related to PSA screening.

Conclusion: The study showed that PCa screening uptake was poor among the respondents and country of residence was associated with PCa screening behaviours. Healthcare coverage was significantly associated with PCa knowledge.

Keywords: black men; health access; insurance coverage; prostate cancer; screening.