Effect of repeated ultrasonic instrumentation on single-unit crowns: a laboratory study

Abstract

Objectives: This laboratory study aimed to assess the effects of ultrasonic instrumentation, simulating 10 years of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT), on single-unit crowns.

Materials and methods: Standardized crowns were fabricated from porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) (n = 12), zirconia (ZrO₂) (n = 12), lithium disilicate (LDS) (n = 12), feldspar ceramic (FSFC) (n = 6), and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material (PICN) (n = 6). The crowns, luted on PICN abutments with resin-based luting material (RBLM), and if applicable glass ionomer cement (GILC), underwent thermal cycling and trimonthly ultrasonic instrumentation. After 1 and 10 years of simulated SPT, restoration quality assessments were performed, comprising profilometric surface roughness measurements, marginal integrity evaluations, and scores for luting material remnants and visible cracks. The statistical analysis included multiple logistic regressions with nested designs (α = 0.05).

Results: During simulated SPT, bulk fractures (n = 2) and a de-cementation failure (n = 1) of LDS and ZrO₂ crowns were observed. No significant change in roughness was detected after 10 years (p = 0.078). Over time, marginal defects increased (p = 0.010), with PFM crowns showing the highest rate of chippings at sites with a narrow shoulder. Fewer marginal defects were detectable on crowns luted with RBLM compared with GILC (p = 0.005). Luting material remnants decreased during SPT (p < 0.001). Ultrasonic instrumentation caused cracks in most crown materials, in particular at sites with a narrow shoulder and in PFM crowns.

Conclusions: Repeated ultrasonic instrumentation may damage single-unit crowns. PFM crowns with a narrow, all-ceramic margin are especially prone to defects.

Clinical relevance: Frequent ultrasonic instrumentation of restoration margins of fixed dental prostheses, PFM crowns in particular, ought to be avoided.

Keywords: Dental prophylaxis; Dental restoration; Dental restoration failure; Dental scaling; Periodontal debridement; Periodontal maintenance.