Screening of legacy and emerging substances in surface water, sediment, biota and groundwater samples collected in the Siverskyi Donets River Basin employing wide-scope target and suspect screening

Abstract

Siverskyi Donets is the fourth longest river in Ukraine and its ecosystem is heavily affected by numerous agricultural and industrial activities. An impact of the on-going armed military conflicts in the Eastern Ukraine to the overall pollution by the chemicals has been studied. Considering the uncontrolled activities in the catchment due to the conflict, there is a high demand to assess the contamination status of the Siverskyi Donets basin. In this study, the occurrence of the EU Water Framework Directive priority substances, selected physicochemical parameters and wide-range emerging contaminants were investigated in surface water, groundwater, biota and river sediments samples from 13 sampling sites in the river basin. The study included metals, inorganic, non-polar and polar organic contaminants. The wide-scope target screening of 2316 substances and suspect screening of 2219 substances revealed occurrence of 83 compounds in the studied samples. A few industrial chemicals such as plasticizers bisphenol A and DEHP, as well as flame retardant brominated diphenylethers were found to be potentially hazardous to the ecosystem, exceeding the established legacy environmental quality standards (EQS) or the provisional no-effect concentration (PNEC) values. River sediment samples contained traces of long-term banned chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and degradation products of DDT (p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE). A simplified risk assessment based on comparison of measured concentration of the detected compounds against their (eco)toxicity threshold values from the NORMAN Ecotoxicology Database has been performed to aid their prioritization in future monitoring and, eventually, establishing the list of Siverskyi Donets River Basin Specific Pollutants. A comparison with the recent similar studies in the Dniester and Dnieper river basins in Ukraine has shown that the overall pollution by chemicals in the Siverskyi Donets basin is significantly lower.

Keywords: Emerging contaminants; Mass spectrometry; Military conflict in Donbass; Risk assessment; Siverskyi Donets River.