Non-Respiratory Droplet Transmission of COVID-19 in the Isolation Ward of a Secondary Hospital in Oman: A Return to Isolation Basics

Zayid K Al Mayahi; Nawal Al Kindi; Nasser Al Shaqsi; Noaman Al Hattali; Azza Al Hattali; Khalid Salim; Mark Beatty

doi:10.1097/IPC.0000000000001022

Non-Respiratory Droplet Transmission of COVID-19 in the Isolation Ward of a Secondary Hospital in Oman: A Return to Isolation Basics

Infect Dis Clin Pract (Baltim Md). 2021 Nov;29(6):e371-e375. doi: 10.1097/IPC.0000000000001022. Epub 2021 May 15.

Authors

Zayid K Al Mayahi¹, Nawal Al Kindi², Nasser Al Shaqsi¹, Noaman Al Hattali¹, Azza Al Hattali¹, Khalid Salim¹, Mark Beatty³

Affiliations

¹ Disease Surveillance and Control Department, General Directorate for Health services, MOH, South Batinah Governorate, Rustaq, Oman.
² Central Public Health Laboratory, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, MOH, Muscat, Oman.
³ Epidemiology and Public Health Consulting, LLC, Everett, Washington, United States.

Abstract

Front-line health care workers are among the most vulnerable groups at risk for acquiring COVID-19, yet the exact mechanisms of how infections occur in health care settings are yet to be identified.

Objectives: To review the epidemiologic and environmental factors surrounding a cluster of nosocomially acquired COVID-19 cases with possible non respiratory droplet transmission indicating the importance of strict adherence with isolation procedures for patients and staff.

Methods: Contact and environmental investigations were completed to determine the source and possible routes of hospital transmission of COVID-19.

Results: Seven cases of COVID-19 occurred in the COVID-19 isolation ward of a secondary hospital from 12/04/2020 to 01/05/2020. Analysis also included first four COVID-19 patients admitted to this facility. Epidemiologic links included exposure to massive bowel movements of two infected patients in adjoining rooms on the same day. Serious gaps in infection control practices lead to further spread the virus and cross infection between the staff.

Conclusion: Despite preparedness to combat pandemics, the infection control precautions taken at this facility were found not sufficient to prevent nosocomial spread of COVID-19. Issues were identified with compliance, enforcement, and failure to update to the most current guidance. Urgent review of ongoing hygiene and isolation practices in hospitals of this type is indicated. Further studies are required to better understand the role of fecal oral transmission and environmental contamination in the transmission of COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; HCW; Health Care Worker; Oman; cluster; fecal oral; nosocomial.