Synthesis and characterization of experimental endodontic sealers containing bioactive glasses particles of NbG or 45S5

Olinto Santos Cardoso; Marcia Margarete Meier; Edilausson Moreno Carvalho; Paulo Vitor Campos Ferreira; Giulio Gavini; Patrícia Maria Wiziack Zago; Renata Grazziotin-Soares; Alan Silva de Menezes; Ceci Nunes Carvalho; Jose Bauer

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104971

Synthesis and characterization of experimental endodontic sealers containing bioactive glasses particles of NbG or 45S5

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2022 Jan:125:104971. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104971. Epub 2021 Nov 11.

Affiliations

¹ Discipline of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Zip Code 65080-805, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
² Department of Chemistry, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 200, Zip Code: 89219-710, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
³ University Ceuma (UNICEUMA), School of Dentistry, Rua Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, Zip Code 65075-120, São Luis, Maranhão, MA, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP), Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227, Zip Code: 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Zip Code 13414-903, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶ São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School and Research Center, Av. Dona Renata, 71, Zip Code: 13606-134, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁷ College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E4, Canada.
⁸ Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Zip Code 65080-805, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
⁹ Discipline of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Zip Code 65080-805, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil. Electronic address: bauer@ufma.br.

PMID: 34798534
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104971

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of adding bioactive glasses particles [Niobophosphate (NbG) or bioglass (45S5)] into endodontic cements in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties.

Methods: The following commercial cements were used as comparison: AH Plus (Dentsply), Endofill (Dentsply), MTA Fillapex (Angelus) and EndoSequence (BC Sealer, Brasseler). Setting time, radiopacity, flow rate, weight loss/variation, alkaline capacity (pH) at different time-intervals (24h/48h/7d/14d/28d), bioactivity (assessed under SEM/EDS, FTIR/ATR and XDR) and cell viability were measured. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA/Holm-Sidak post-test (α = 5%) (normal distribution) and Kruskal-Wallis/Students-Newman-Keuls post-test (α = 5%) (non-normal distribution).

Results: Bioactive endodontic experimental cements (containing NbG or 45S5) had high alkalinization capacity. The experimental cements presented high weight loss/variation (p < 0.001). 45S5 experimental cement did not present radiopacity (p < 0.001). AH Plus had the lowest cell cytotoxicity when compared to the other tested cements (p < 0.001). Regarding bioactivity, SEM/EDS analyses showed precipitates with high concentrations of Ca/P for 45S5 and NbG, as well as for MTA Fillapex and BC Sealer. AH plus and Endofill did not present bioactive precipitates. FTIR/ATR and XDR analyses found hydroxyapatite precursors for NbG, 45S5, MTA Fillapex and BC Sealer.

Significance: The incorporation of bioactive particles (NbG or 45S5) into endodontic cements had potential to neutralize acidic environments and induced formation of hydroxyapatite precursors. Clinically, these would produce a cement that is bactericidal and have the potential to improve tissue healing. The improved radiopacity and flowability would facilitate the visualization of the material in the radiograph and the filling of anatomical complexities during root canal obturation. As drawbacks, the excessive weight loss and post-setting cytotoxicity could result in clinical degradation of the cement and adjacent tissue irritation for the patient.

Keywords: 45S5; Bioactivity; Cytotoxicity; Endodontic sealers; Hydroxyapatite precursors; NbG bioactive glass.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bone Cements
Durapatite
Glass Ionomer Cements
Humans
Root Canal Filling Materials*

Substances

Bone Cements
Glass Ionomer Cements
Root Canal Filling Materials
Durapatite