Diagnostic Capabilities of Islet Autoantibodies in Children with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Siblings

K G Korneva; L G Strongin; E V Kolbasina; M V Budylina; N V Makeeva; V E Zagainov

doi:10.17691/stm2020.12.6.04

Diagnostic Capabilities of Islet Autoantibodies in Children with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Siblings

Sovrem Tekhnologii Med. 2021;12(6):29-34. doi: 10.17691/stm2020.12.6.04. Epub 2020 Dec 28.

Authors

K G Korneva¹, L G Strongin², E V Kolbasina³, M V Budylina⁴, N V Makeeva⁵, V E Zagainov⁶

Affiliations

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
² Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
³ Pediatric Endocrinologist, Head of the Department of Endocrinology; Nizhny Novgorod Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, 211 Vaneeva St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603136, Russia.
⁴ Head of the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Gastroenterology; Republican Children's Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Chuvash Republic, 27 Fedora Gladkova St., Cheboksary, 428020, Russia.
⁵ Pediatric Endocrinologist, Chief Non-Staff Pediatric Endocrinologist; Children's Republican Clinical Hospital, 10 Meditsinskaya St., Yoshkar-Ola, the Republic of Mari El, 424005, Russia.
⁶ Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery and Transplantology Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the diagnostic utility of several islet autoantibodies and their combinations in order to identify individuals susceptible to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among healthy siblings in the pediatric population within the scope of the development of a screening program.

Materials and methods: A total of 424 children were evaluated, 260 children with new-onset T1DM and 164 healthy children with brothers and/or sisters with T1DM.Blood tests for a complex of autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), pancreatic β-cells (ICA), and glutamate decarboxylase (GADA) were conducted in all the subjects with the enzyme immunoassay method.

Results: It was found that the diagnostic utility of individual autoantibodies is not equal and varies with age. The optimal age groups for the immunological control of the risks of developing type 1 diabetes in healthy siblings were determined. The highest risks were noted with the combination of GADA, ZnT8A, and IA-2A.

Conclusion: Islet autoantibodies may serve as prognostic markers of the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in healthy siblings.

Keywords: immunological diagnosis of T1DM; islet autoantibodies; siblings; type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Autoantibodies
Child
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / diagnosis
Glutamate Decarboxylase
Humans
Islets of Langerhans*
Male
Siblings

Substances

Autoantibodies
Glutamate Decarboxylase

Grants and funding

Research funding. The work was performed within the scope of the state assignment “Development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for the targeted therapy of T-cell and oncohematological and autoimmune diseases”, No.3 00 057 056.