A chicken or egg question: Which comes first, psychiatric symptom or poor quality of life?

Affiliations

• ¹ Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
• ² Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. Electronic address: naoto.kuroda@wayne.edu.
• ³ Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Epilepsy Center, TMG Asaka Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
• ⁴ Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
• ⁵ Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
• ⁶ Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.