Objective: To explore the prevalence and related factors of hyperkalemia in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: DKD patients from the Department of Nephrology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to December 2020 were selected, and the clinical data of the patients were retrospectively collected. The prevalence of hyperkalemia in DKD patients and the prevalence of hyperkalemia in patients with different age, gender and different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were studied, and the related factors of hyperkalemia were further explored. Results: A total of 1 721 patients with DKD were included, with 1 117 males (64.9%) [mean age: (56±12) years] and 604 females (35.1%) [mean age: (59±12) years]. The blood potassium level of the study population was (4.93±0.77) mmol/L, in which the serum potassium level of male and female was (4.92±0.77) mmol/L and (4.93±0.76) mmol/L, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.752). Further grouping by CKD stage, the serum potassium levels of CKD stage 1-5 patients were (4.58±0.52), (4.65±0.47), (4.86±0.59), (5.21±0.79) and (5.61±0.88) mmol/L, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=170.701, P<0.001). The prevalence of hyperkalemia was 37.0% (636/1 721). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe hyperkalemia was 17.4%, 10.5% and 9.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hyperkalemia between men and women (36.8% vs 37.3%, χ²=0.035, P=0.851). The prevalence of hyperkalemia in CKD stage 1-5 patients was 16.3%, 21.2%, 37.6%, 55.2%, 72.5%, respectively, which increased with the severity of CKD (χ²=365.721, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR=0.975, 95%CI: 0.972-0.979), diastolic blood pressure (OR=0.985, 95%CI: 0.975-0.994) and serum sodium concentration (OR=0.972, 95%CI: 0.945-1.000) were the influencing factors of hyperkalemia in DKD patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperkalemia in DKD patients was 37.0%. Glomerular filtration rate, diastolic blood pressure and serum sodium concentration were the influencing factors. The serum potassium level and the prevalence of hyperkalemia increased with the deterioration of renal function.
目的： 分析糖尿病肾病（DKD）患者高钾血症的发生率及相关因素。 方法： 选取2012年1月至2020年12月郑州大学第一附属医院肾脏病中心就诊的DKD患者，收集患者的临床资料，分析DKD患者高钾血症的发生率以及在不同年龄、性别和不同慢性肾脏病（CKD）分期患者中的发生情况，并进一步分析高钾血症发生的相关因素。 结果： 共纳入临床资料完整、符合标准的DKD患者1 721例，其中男1 117例（64.9%），年龄（56±12）岁；女604例（35.1%），年龄（59±12）岁。血钾水平为（4.93±0.77）mmol/L，其中男性和女性血钾水平分别为（4.92±0.77）mmol/L和（4.93±0.76）mmol/L，差异无统计学意义（P=0.752）；以CKD分期进行分组，CKD 1~5期患者的血钾水平分别为（4.58±0.52）、（4.65±0.47）、（4.86±0.59）、（5.21±0.79）、（5.61±0.88）mmol/L，组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=170.701，P<0.001）。高钾血症的总体发生率为37.0%（636/1 721），其中轻、中、重度高钾血症的发生率分别为17.4%，10.5%和9.1%，不同性别高钾血症发生率差异无统计学意义（男性36.8%比女性37.3%，χ²=0.035，P=0.851）；CKD 1~5期高钾血症发生率分别为16.3%、21.2%、37.6%、55.2%、72.5%，发生率随CKD严重程度升高而升高（χ²=365.721，P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归结果显示，估算肾小球滤过率（OR=0.975，95%CI：0.972~0.979）、舒张压（OR=0.985，95%CI：0.975~0.994）、血钠（OR=0.972，95%CI：0.945~1.000）是DKD患者高钾血症的独立相关因素。 结论： DKD患者高钾血症发生率为37.0%，发生率随肾功能恶化逐渐升高，估算肾小球滤过率、舒张压、血钠是其独立相关因素。.