Tumor associated macrophage and microbe: The potential targets of tumor vaccine delivery

Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Jan:180:114046. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114046. Epub 2021 Nov 9.

Abstract

The occurrence and development of tumors depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is made of various immune cells, activated fibroblasts, basement membrane, capillaries, and extracellular matrix. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and microbes are important components in TME. Tumor cells can recruit and educate TAMs and microbes, and the hijacked TAMs and microbes can promote the progression of tumor reciprocally. Tumor vaccine delivery remodeling TME by targeting TAM and microbes can not only enhance the specificity and immunogenicity of antigens, but also contribute to the regulation of TME. Tumor vaccine design benefits from nanotechnology which is a suitable platform for antigen and adjuvant delivery to catalyze new candidate vaccines applying to clinical therapy at unparalleled speed. In view of the characteristics and mechanisms of TME development, vaccine delivery targeting and breaking the malignant interactions among tumor cells, TAMs, and microbes may serve as a novel strategy for tumor therapy.

Keywords: Macrophage; Microbiota; Tumor microenvironment; Tumor vaccine; Vaccine delivery.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cancer Vaccines / administration & dosage*
  • Cancer Vaccines / immunology
  • Disease Progression
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Humans
  • Nanotechnology
  • Neoplasms / immunology
  • Neoplasms / microbiology
  • Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Tumor Microenvironment / immunology
  • Tumor-Associated Macrophages / metabolism*

Substances

  • Cancer Vaccines