Cytomegalovirus proctitis in non-human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: A case report and literature review

J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2022 Feb;55(1):154-160. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.10.002. Epub 2021 Nov 2.

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. CMV is a ubiquitous Herpesviridae virus with a wide spectrum of pathologies in humans. Immunocompetent patients generally develop a benign, self-limited mononucleosis-like syndrome, whereas gastrointestinal tissue-invasive disease is more frequently seen in immunocompromised. The clinical manifestations of CMV colitis or proctitis are demarcated by bloody diarrhea, ulcerations, ulcero-infiltrative changes, and pseudomembranous formation on colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal CMV infections complicated with deep rectal ulcer and fistula formation are rare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ganciclovir is also the gold standard therapy for CMV colitis or proctitis.

Keywords: Colitis; Cytomegalovirus; Ganciclovir; Proctitis; Systemic lupus erythematosus.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections* / drug therapy
  • Ganciclovir / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Proctitis* / complications
  • Proctitis* / diagnosis
  • Proctitis* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Ganciclovir