The Effect of Albumin-Binding Moiety on Tumor Targeting and Biodistribution Properties of 67Ga-Labeled Albumin Binder-Conjugated Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Peptides

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 4-p-(tolyl)butyric acid as an albumin-binding (ALB) moiety on tumor targeting and biodistribution properties of ⁶⁷Ga-labeled albumin binder-conjugated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. Materials and Methods: DOTA-Lys(ALB)-G/GG/GGG-Nle-CycMSH_hex {1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-Lys(ALB)-Gly/GlyGly/GlyGlyGly-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH₂} were synthesized with 4-p-(tolyl)butyric acid serving as an ALB moiety. The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R)-binding affinities of the peptides were determined on B16/F10 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of ⁶⁷Ga-DOTA-Lys(ALB)-G/GG/GGG-Nle-CycMSH_hex was examined on B16/F10 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h postinjection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of ⁶⁷Ga-DOTA-Lys(ALB)-GGNle-CycMSH_hex {⁶⁷Ga-ALB-G2} were determined on B16/F10 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. Results: The IC₅₀ value of DOTA-Lys(ALB)-G/GG/GGG-Nle-CycMSH_hex {ALB-G1, ALB-G2, ALB-G3} was 0.67 ± 0.07, 0.5 ± 0.09 and 0.51 ± 0.03 nM on B16/F10 cells, respectively. ⁶⁷Ga-ALB-G2 was further evaluated as a lead peptide because of its higher tumor uptake (30.25 ± 3.24%ID/g) and lower kidney uptake (7.09 ± 2.22%ID/g) than ⁶⁷Ga-ALB-G1 and ⁶⁷Ga-ALB-G3 at 2 h postinjection. The B16/F10 melanoma uptake of ⁶⁷Ga-ALB-G2 was 15.64 ± 4.55, 30.25 ± 3.24, 26.76 ± 3.23, and 10.71 ± 1.21%ID/g at 0.5, 2, 4, and 24 h postinjection, respectively. The B16/F10 melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using ⁶⁷Ga-ALB-G2 as an imaging probe at 2 h postinjection. Conclusions: The introduction of 4-p-(tolyl)butyric acid as an ALB moiety increased the blood retention, and resulted in higher tumor/kidney ratio of ⁶⁷Ga-ALB-G2 as compared with its counterpart without an albumin binder. However, the resulting high uptake of ⁶⁷Ga-ALB-G2 in blood and liver need to be further reduced to facilitate its therapeutic application when replacing ⁶⁷Ga with therapeutic radionuclides.

Keywords: albumin-binding moiety; alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; melanocortin-1 receptor; melanoma targeting.