Concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in adults with chronic heart failure

Iwona Gorący; Ewa Rębacz-Maron; Jan Korbecki; Jarosław Gorący

doi:10.7717/peerj.12207

Concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in adults with chronic heart failure

PeerJ. 2021 Nov 1:9:e12207. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12207. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Iwona Gorący¹, Ewa Rębacz-Maron², Jan Korbecki³, Jarosław Gorący⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
² Institute of Biology, Department of Ecology and Anthropology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
³ Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
⁴ Clinic of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

Abstract

Background: The study investigated the relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the blood serum of patients with heart failure (HF) and the potential influence on the development and progression of HF.

Material & methods: The study included 214 patients (155 men and 59 women), aged 40-87 years, presenting symptoms or signs typical of HF (according to the NYHA functional classification). Serum concentrations were determined for Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, urea, triglyceride levels (TG), total cholesterol (CH), high density protein (HDL), low density protein (LDL). The levels of macro-and microminerals were analysed using inductively coupled serum optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

Results: Our study confirmed the role of known risk factors in the development of heart failure, including: overweight, diabetes, hypertension, high triglycerides (TG), high total cholesterol (CH), high levels of low density protein (LDL) and reduced levels of high density protein (HDL), high CRP, high creatinine. Moreover, deficient serum concentrations of Mg (47% of the studied men and 54% of the women) and Cu (in 44% of men and more than 30% of women) were observed, as well as subnormal serum Fe (2% of women) and Zn (1% of men). Elevated serum Ca was found in 50% of men and 49% of women. In 44% of the studied men and 52% of the studied women, P levels in serum were also above-average. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between serum levels of Ca and Mg, and also Ca and Cu in women. In men, serum Cu was positively correlated with Mg and Ca concentrations. In patients from group 1 (NYHA I-II), Mg content was positively correlated with Ca and Cu. In this patient group, Ca was also positively associated with Cu content in serum. In group 2 (NYHA III-IV), serum Mg concentration was significantly positively correlated with that of Cu and Ca.

Conclusions: Changes in the serum concentrations of macro-and microminerals may significantly affect the severity of HF in Polish patients.

Keywords: Anthropometry; Biochemical parameters; Blood serum; Cardiology; Chronic heart failure; Diabetes; High triglycerides; Hypertension; NYHA; Overweight.

Grants and funding

The study was financed by internal funding of the Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. No other external funding was received. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.