Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG)-guided conformal radiofrequency thermocoagulation for epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in eloquent cortex. Methods: The data of epilepsy patients with conformal thermocoagulation in the Epilepsy Center of Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from September 2017 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. SEEG electrodes were placed in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy caused by FCD in eloquent cortex with limited boundaries, which was confirmed by preoperative evaluation methods such as imaging and electroencephalography. When designing the electrode placement plan, related software was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional MRI image and lesion. SEEG electrode contacts should be designed to fully cover the lesion as much as possible. After the completion of SEEG monitoring and cortical electrical stimulation, the pre-thermocoagulation and permanent thermocoagulation modes were used in sequence. The mode of direct damage between adjacent contacts of a single electrode and cross-destruction between adjacent contacts of multiple electrodes was combined to ablate the lesions point by point. Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled, ranging from 2 to 30 years old, with an average age of (15±9) years old. MRI showed that FCD lesions located at pre-central gyrus in 19 cases, at post-central gyrus in 3 cases, at left frontal lobe in 3 cases, at both pre-central and post-central gyrus in 1 case and at both pre-central and left frontal lobe in 2 cases. The length of the lesion was 1.2-4.0 cm, with an average length of (2.2±0.7) cm. Moreover, 7-12 SEEG electrodes were implanted, with an average of (9±2) electrodes. The number of electrodes passing through the lesion was 2-8, with an average of 5±2. The number of thermocoagulation target points was 6 to 83, with an average of 29±18, while the number of target points which proved to have function by cortical simulation was 0-21, with a median of 3.5. The number of direct thermocoagulation target points was 6 to 58, with an average of 23±13, while the number of cross thermocoagulation target points was 0 to 30, with a median of 3. The completion of the whole thermocoagulation was divided into 2 to 5 times. There were 11 cases (50%) who experienced immediate muscle strength decline, 1 case (4.5%) showed slower speech speed during thermocoagulation, 3 cases (13.6%) exhibited muscle strength decline after thermocoagulation, however, only 1 case (4.5%) had permanent hemiparalysis. There were 17 cases of Engel Ⅰ (77.3%), 3 cases of Engel Ⅱ (13.6%), and 2 case of Engel Ⅲ (9.1%), respectively, after follow-up for 6-42 months, with an average of (20±10) months. Conclusion: SEEG-guided conformal radiofrequency thermocoagulation is safe and effective for epilepsy caused by FCD in eloquent cortex with limited boundaries.
目的： 探索立体定向脑电图（SEEG）引导下对功能区局灶性皮质发育不良（FCD）病灶进行适形热凝治疗的癫痫控制效果及安全性。 方法： 回顾性分析2017年9月至2020年8月广东三九脑科医院癫痫中心收治的热凝毁损的癫痫患者资料。对影像学和脑电等术前评估手段证实为功能区FCD且病灶范围局限的药物难治性癫痫患者进行SEEG电极植入。在设计电极植入方案时，使用软件重建三维MRI影像和病灶三维形态，使电极触点尽可能充分覆盖病灶。SEEG监测确定毁损靶点和脑皮质电刺激预判安全性。刺激参数采用预毁损和永久毁损参数相结合，毁损模式采用单根电极相邻触点间直接毁损和多根电极邻近触点间交叉互毁相结合进行逐点毁损。 结果： 共纳入22例患者，年龄2~30（15±9）岁。MRI显示FCD病灶累及中央前回19例，累及中央后回3例，累及左侧额盖3例，同时累及中央前后回1例，同时累及左侧额盖和中央前回2例。病灶长径长1.2~4.0（2.2±0.7）cm。置入SEEG电极7~12（9±2）根；其中穿过病灶内的电极数2~8（5±2）根。治疗时热凝总靶点数6~83（29±18）个，电刺激出功能的靶点有0~21［M（Q1，Q3）］［3.5（0，5）］个；其中直接毁损靶点数为6~58（23±13）个，交叉互毁靶点数为0~30［3（0，6）］个；分做2~5次完成热凝。热凝过程中有11例（50%）立即出现肌力下降；1例（4.5%）出现语速减慢；3例（13.6%）热凝结束后出现肌力下降；但只有1例（4.5%）遗留长期轻偏瘫后遗症。随访6~42（20±10）个月，Engel Ⅰ级17例（77.3%），Engel Ⅱ级3例（13.6%），Engel Ⅲ级2例（9.1%）。 结论： SEEG引导下的适形热凝治疗范围局限的功能区FCD癫痫患者安全有效。.