Non-mental diseases associated with ADHD across the lifespan: Fidgety Philipp and Pippi Longstocking at risk of multimorbidity?

Sarah Kittel-Schneider; Gara Arteaga-Henriquez; Alejandro Arias Vasquez; Phil Asherson; Tobias Banaschewski; Isabell Brikell; Jan Buitelaar; Bru Cormand; Stephen V Faraone; Christine M Freitag; Ylva Ginsberg; Jan Haavik; Catharina A Hartman; Jonna Kuntsi; Henrik Larsson; Silke Matura; Rhiannon V McNeill; J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga; Marta Ribases; Marcel Romanos; Isabella Vainieri; Barbara Franke; Andreas Reif

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035

Non-mental diseases associated with ADHD across the lifespan: Fidgety Philipp and Pippi Longstocking at risk of multimorbidity?

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jan:132:1157-1180. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035. Epub 2021 Oct 29.

Authors

Sarah Kittel-Schneider¹, Gara Arteaga-Henriquez², Alejandro Arias Vasquez³, Phil Asherson⁴, Tobias Banaschewski⁵, Isabell Brikell⁶, Jan Buitelaar⁷, Bru Cormand⁸, Stephen V Faraone⁹, Christine M Freitag¹⁰, Ylva Ginsberg¹¹, Jan Haavik¹², Catharina A Hartman¹³, Jonna Kuntsi⁴, Henrik Larsson¹⁴, Silke Matura¹⁵, Rhiannon V McNeill¹⁶, J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga², Marta Ribases¹⁷, Marcel Romanos¹⁸, Isabella Vainieri⁴, Barbara Franke³, Andreas Reif¹⁵

Affiliations

¹ Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: kittel_s@ukw.de.
² Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
³ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
⁴ Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
⁵ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
⁶ National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁷ Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
⁸ Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
⁹ Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹¹ Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden.
¹² Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Postboks 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
¹³ University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
¹⁴ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences, Campus USÖ, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
¹⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁶ Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
¹⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
¹⁸ Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.

PMID: 34757108
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035

Abstract

Several non-mental diseases seem to be associated with an increased risk of ADHD and ADHD seems to be associated with increased risk for non-mental diseases. The underlying trajectories leading to such brain-body co-occurrences are often unclear - are there direct causal relationships from one disorder to the other, or does the sharing of genetic and/or environmental risk factors lead to their occurring together more frequently or both? Our goal with this narrative review was to provide a conceptual synthesis of the associations between ADHD and non-mental disease across the lifespan. We discuss potential shared pathologic mechanisms, genetic background and treatments in co-occurring diseases. For those co-occurrences for which published studies with sufficient sample sizes exist, meta-analyses have been published by others and we discuss those in detail. We conclude that non-mental diseases are common in ADHD and vice versa and add to the disease burden of the patient across the lifespan. Insufficient attention to such co-occurring conditions may result in missed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment in the affected individuals.

Keywords: Asthma; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Diabetes mellitus type II; Elimination disorders; Epilepsy; Migraine; Non-mental disease; Obesity; Somatic disorders.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* / genetics
Brain
Humans
Longevity
Multimorbidity