Stomata in a state of emergency: H2O2 is the target locked

Trends Plant Sci. 2022 Mar;27(3):274-286. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.10.002. Epub 2021 Oct 29.

Abstract

Stomatal movements are essential for plants to regulate photosynthesis rate, water status, and immunity. Upon stress stimulation, the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the apoplasts and its accumulation within the guard cells are among key determinatives for stomatal closure. The regulatory mechanisms of H2O2 production and transport under plant-pathogen interaction and drought stress response in stomata are important fields of research. Specifically, the regulation of NADPH oxidases and aquaporins appears to be crucial in H2O2-controlled stomatal closure. In this review, we summarize how the calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms activate RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH)D/F NADPH oxidases and the aquaporin PIP2;1 to induce stomatal closure, and highlight how the H2O2 production is targeted by pathogen toxins and effectors to counteract plant immunity.

Keywords: drought stress; guard cell signaling; hydrogen peroxide; pathogen infection; stomatal movement.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Abscisic Acid
  • Aquaporins*
  • Calcium
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / metabolism
  • NADPH Oxidases / metabolism
  • Plant Stomata* / physiology
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Aquaporins
  • Abscisic Acid
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • NADPH Oxidases
  • Calcium