Surfactant-polymer interaction has been studied by many academic and industrial researchers. Associative polymers have attracted attention, especially in enhanced oil recovery due to their ability to generate higher resistance than parental polyacrylamide (HPAM) at a lower concentration. The effect of hydrophobicity on the associative polymer-surfactant interaction has been studied through many means including rheology. Previous rheological studies were restricted to shear-based behavior, and no efforts were undertaken to study the effect of hydrophobicity on the extensional rheological behavior of the surfactant-HPAM system. In this work, the extensional behavior of anionic surfactant-polyacrylamide systems was studied for varying levels of hydrophobicity. The concentration of the surfactant used in the surfactant-polymer formulation ranged from 0 to 0.3%, and the polymer concentration was fixed at 1000 ppm. Extensional rheology was performed using a capillary breakup extensional rheometer. Surface tension studies were also conducted. The results revealed that the parental HPAM-surfactant system shows the maximum extensional viscosity for the concentration range studied here. This is contrary to shear behavior reported in the literature, and it appears that electrostatic repulsive interaction associated with HPAM-surfactant systems becomes dominant in the extensional field. Associative polymer-surfactant systems characterized by higher hydrophobicity showed the least maximum extensional viscosity, as opposed to the literature-reported behavior in the shear field. Hydrophobic interaction associated with associative polymer-surfactant systems appears to become weaker in the extensional field.