CircPrkcsh, a circular RNA, contributes to the polarization of microglia towards the M1 phenotype induced by spinal cord injury and acts via the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway

FASEB J. 2021 Dec;35(12):e22014. doi: 10.1096/fj.202100993R.

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex pathological change that includes primary SCI and gradually evolves into secondary SCI. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathology of a variety of neurological diseases and injuries. However, the characteristics and function of circRNAs in SCI have yet to be elucidated. Although previous research demonstrated that circPrkcsh induces astrocytes to produce inflammatory factors and chemokines, the precise function and mechanism of circPrkcsh in microglia after SCI remains unknown. In this study, we constructed a mouse model of SCI by applying a SCI impactor. Quantitative Real-time PCR and Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that circPrkcsh was upregulated in the microglia of SCI mice when compared to sham-operated mice. Gain- or loss-of-function experiments and in vivo assays further indicated that circPrkcsh promotes microglia M1 polarization both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays, confirmed that circPrkcsh serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to promote the expression of MEKK1 mRNA by sponging miR-488. Double knockout rescue experiments further showed that circPrkcsh regulates the MEKK1/JNK/p38 MAPK pathway via miR-488. Our research provides a better understanding of the mechanism of circPrkcsh in SCI and demonstrates that the circPrkcsh/miR-488/Mekk1 axis is a promising regulatory method for the treatment of SCI.

Keywords: JNK/p38; M1 polarization; circPrkcsh; inflammation; spinal cord injury.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Glucosidases / genetics*
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics*
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System*
  • Macrophages / immunology*
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Macrophages / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • MicroRNAs / genetics*
  • Phenotype
  • RNA, Circular / genetics*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Spinal Cord Injuries / etiology
  • Spinal Cord Injuries / metabolism
  • Spinal Cord Injuries / pathology*
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • MIRN488 microRNA, mouse
  • MicroRNAs
  • Prkcsh protein, mouse
  • RNA, Circular
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • Glucosidases