Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Can Predict Therapy Response of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization

Abstract

Aim: The goal of this meta-analysis was to assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a pre- and posttreatment (ADC value changes [ΔADC]) predictive imaging biomarker of response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Scopus database, Embase database, and MEDLINE library were scanned for connections between pre- and posttreatment ADC values of HCC and response to TACE. Six studies qualified for inclusion. The following parameters were collected: authors, publication year, study design, number of patients, drugs for TACE, mean ADC value, standard deviation, measure method, b values, and Tesla strength. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies 2 instrument was employed to check the methodological quality of each study. The meta-analysis was performed by utilizing RevMan 5.3 software. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models with inverse-variance were used to regard heterogeneity. The mean ADC values and 95% confidence intervals were computed.

Results: Six studies (n = 271 patients with 293 HCC nodules) were included. The pretreatment mean ADC in the responder group was 1.20 × 10-3 mm2/s (0.98, 1.42) and 1.14 × 10-3 mm2/s (0.89, 1.39) in the nonresponder group. The analysis of post-TACE ΔADC revealed a threshold of ≥20% to identify treatment responders. No suitable pretreatment ADC threshold to predict therapy response or discriminate between responders and nonresponders before therapy could be discovered.

Conclusion: ΔADC can facilitate early objective response evaluation through post-therapeutic ADC alterations ≥20%. Pretreatment ADC cannot predict response to TACE.

Keywords: Apparent diffusion coefficient; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Magnetic resonance imaging; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; Treatment response.