A comprehensive review on endemic and experimental fluorosis in sheep: Its diverse effects and prevention

Toxicology. 2022 Jan 15:465:153025. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153025. Epub 2021 Nov 5.

Abstract

Fluoride is a natural element widely distributed in the environment and plays an important role in the growth of humans and animals. However, in many species, high concentrations of fluoride induce several problems, such as dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal fluorosis. Sheep living in endemic areas are sensitive to the chronic toxicity of fluoride, and they have been found to suffer not only from teeth and bone problems but also from other organs. Studies indicating the chronic harmful effects of fluoride on teeth, bones, blood biochemical parameters, kidney, liver, heart, reproductive system and growth in sheep have been clearly summarized in this review. Besides, this work also includes updated progress in terms of prevention or reduction of fluoride toxicity in this species.

Keywords: Fluoride; Prevention; Sheep; Toxicity; Types of fluorosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animal Feed
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / administration & dosage*
  • Bone Diseases / chemically induced
  • Bone Diseases / diagnosis
  • Bone Diseases / prevention & control
  • Bone Diseases / veterinary*
  • Dietary Supplements*
  • Endemic Diseases / prevention & control
  • Endemic Diseases / veterinary*
  • Fluorine / toxicity*
  • Fluorosis, Dental / diagnosis
  • Fluorosis, Dental / etiology
  • Fluorosis, Dental / prevention & control
  • Fluorosis, Dental / veterinary*
  • Minerals / administration & dosage*
  • Protective Factors
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Sheep
  • Sheep Diseases / chemically induced
  • Sheep Diseases / diagnosis
  • Sheep Diseases / prevention & control*

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Minerals
  • Fluorine