A case of endocarditis and spondylodiscitis associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem, in which the majority of cases occur in population-dense developing countries. Despite advances in various diagnostic TB modalities, extrapulmonary TB remains a challenge due to complexities related to its diagnostic approach. Hereby, we present a rare case of endocarditis and spondylodiscitis associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This case report highlighted the challenges faced in diagnosing blood culture-negative infective endocarditis (BCNIE). We also emphasized the importance of considering MTB as etiology of BCNIE, particularly in endemic TB areas.

Keywords: AML, Anterior mitral leaflet; BCNIE, Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis; Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis (BCNIE); CRP, C-reactive protein; DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid; DOI, Day of illness; EPTB, Extrapulmonary tuberculosis; HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus; IE, Infective endocarditis; MR, Mitral regurgitation; MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging; MTB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PML, Posterior mitral leaflet; RT-PCR; RT-PCR, Real-time- polymerase chain reaction; TB, Tuberculosis; TTE, Transthoracic echocardiography; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; pyrosequencing method; tuberculous endocarditis.