Osteosarcoma: Old and New Challenges

Akihiko Yoshida

doi:10.1016/j.path.2021.06.003

Osteosarcoma: Old and New Challenges

Surg Pathol Clin. 2021 Dec;14(4):567-583. doi: 10.1016/j.path.2021.06.003. Epub 2021 Oct 7.

Author

Akihiko Yoshida¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. Electronic address: akyoshid@ncc.go.jp.

PMID: 34742481
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2021.06.003

Abstract

Diagnosis of osteosarcoma can be challenging because of its diverse histological patterns and the lack of diagnostic biomarkers for most examples. This review summarizes the key pathologic findings of osteosarcoma subtypes (high-grade central, parosteal, low-grade central, periosteal, high-grade surface, and secondary) with an emphasis on describing and illustrating histological heterogeneity to help general pathologists. Differential diagnoses are listed for each entity, and histological subtype and distinguishing features, including molecular genetic findings (eg, MDM2, IDH, H3F3A, FOS, and USP6), are discussed. The review also covers recently established and emerging concepts and controversies regarding osteosarcoma.

Keywords: Bone; Neoplasm; Osteoid; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Bone Neoplasms* / diagnosis
Bone Neoplasms* / genetics
Diagnosis, Differential
Humans
Osteosarcoma* / diagnosis
Osteosarcoma* / genetics