Purpose: To investigate the safety of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in tumors and its potential as a radiosensitizer when combined with radiotherapy.
Methods: We have performed in vitro experiments in A431 cells to assess proliferation and cell cycle after PBM, as well as clonogenic assay and H2AX-gamma immunolabeling to quantify double strand breaks after the combination of PBM and radiation. In vivo experiments in xenografts included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological analysis.
Results: PBM did not induce proliferation in vitro, but increased the G2/M fraction by 27% 24h after illumination, resulting in an enhancement of 30% in radiation effect in the clonogenic assay. The median survival of the PBM-RT group increased by 4 days and the hazard ratio was 0.417 (CI 95%: 0.173-1.006) when compared to radiation alone. OCT analysis over time demonstrated that PBM increases tumor necrosis due to radiation, and histological analysis showed that illumination increased cell differentiation and angiogenesis, which may play a role in the synergetic effect of PBM and radiation.
Conclusion: PBM technique may be one of the most appropriate approaches for radiosensitizing tumors while protecting normal tissue because of its low cost and low training requirements for staff.
Keywords: In vitro; In vivo; Photobiomodulation; Radiosensitizer; Radiotherapy.
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