HOPE in action: A prospective multicenter pilot study of liver transplantation from donors with HIV to recipients with HIV

Am J Transplant. 2022 Mar;22(3):853-864. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16886. Epub 2021 Nov 25.

Abstract

Liver transplantation (LT) from donors-with-HIV to recipients-with-HIV (HIV D+/R+) is permitted under the HOPE Act. There are only three international single-case reports of HIV D+/R+ LT, each with limited follow-up. We performed a prospective multicenter pilot study comparing HIV D+/R+ to donors-without-HIV to recipients-with-HIV (HIV D-/R+) LT. We quantified patient survival, graft survival, rejection, serious adverse events (SAEs), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) breakthrough, infections, and malignancies, using Cox and negative binomial regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting. Between March 2016-July 2019, there were 45 LTs (8 simultaneous liver-kidney) at 9 centers: 24 HIV D+/R+, 21 HIV D-/R+ (10 D- were false-positive). The median follow-up time was 23 months. Median recipient CD4 was 287 cells/µL with 100% on antiretroviral therapy; 56% were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-seropositive, 13% HCV-viremic. Weighted 1-year survival was 83.3% versus 100.0% in D+ versus D- groups (p = .04). There were no differences in one-year graft survival (96.0% vs. 100.0%), rejection (10.8% vs. 18.2%), HIV breakthrough (8% vs. 10%), or SAEs (all p > .05). HIV D+/R+ had more opportunistic infections, infectious hospitalizations, and cancer. In this multicenter pilot study of HIV D+/R+ LT, patient and graft survival were better than historical cohorts, however, a potential increase in infections and cancer merits further investigation.

Keywords: clinical research/practice; ethics and public policy; infection and infectious agents - viral: hepatitis C; infection and infectious agents - viral: human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8); infection and infectious agents - viral: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); infectious disease; liver disease; liver disease: infectious; liver transplantation/hepatology.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Graft Survival
  • HIV Infections* / complications
  • Hepatitis C*
  • Humans
  • Liver Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Pilot Projects
  • Prospective Studies
  • Tissue Donors