Poliovirus is the causal agent of paralytic poliomyelitis. Flaccid paralysis characteritic of poliomyelitis result from the destruction of motor neurons, the specific target cells of poliovirus in the central nervous system (CNS). The development of new animal and cell models has allowed the key steps of the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis to be investigated at the molecular level. In particular, it has been shown that poliovirus-induced apoptosis is an important component of the tissue injury in the CNS of infected mice that leads to paralysis. In this review, the molecular biology of poliovirus and the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis will be briefly described, and then several models of poliovirus-induced apoptosis will be considered ; the role of the cellular receptor of poliovirus, CD155, in the modulation of apoptosis will also be addressed.
Keywords: CD155; apoptosis; poliovirus.