Differences in Postoperative Pain, Nausea, and Vomiting After Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Mexican Women

Abstract

Background: Postoperative symptoms and pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) are common in women. However, there is no evidence of differences in incidence and severity among different age groups. We evaluated whether adverse postoperative symptoms were more common in younger than in older women after LC.

Methods: One hundred and fifty premenopausal (mean age 37.6 ± 3.6 y) and 145 postmenopausal women (59 ± 5.2 y) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical and anthropometric parameters were analyzed. Study endpoints were the incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain, and the additional analgesics and antiemetics needed after surgery.

Results: Body mass index was normal in 42.7% of patients in the younger group and 64.8% in the older group (P < 0.001). Reported pain was more frequent and intense in the younger group throughout the study period (P < 0.01). Additional narcotics were required in 18% of premenopausal versus 7.6% of postmenopausal women (P = 0.001), and the doses used to reduce pain were higher for premenopausal women (P = 0.02). PONV was more frequent in the younger group at 1 and 6 h after surgery (P < 0.005). Rescue antiemetics were required in 29 premenopausal and 13 postmenopausal women (P = 0.01). Hospital stay was shorter for the older patients (P = 0.01). Minor morbidity was observed in both groups (0.7% and 2.1%). There was no mortality.

Conclusions: Early PONV and pain after LC were more frequent in premenopausal women, who also required more rescue analgesic and antiemetic medication.