Spatial manipulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in a controlled manner is critical for the fabrication of 3D hybrid materials with unique functions. However, traditional fabrication methods such as electron-beam lithography and stereolithography are usually costly and time-consuming, precluding their production on a large scale. Herein, for the first time the ultrafast laser direct writing is combined with external magnetic field (MF) to massively produce graphene-coated ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles supported on 3D porous carbon using metal-organic framework crystals as precursors (5 × 5 cm2 with 10 s). The MF-confined picosecond laser scribing not only reduces the metal ions rapidly but also aligns the NPs in ultrafine and evenly distributed order (from 7.82 ± 2.37 to 3.80 ± 0.84 nm). ≈400% increment of N-Q species within N compositionis also found as the result of the special MF-induced laser plasma plume. (). The importance of MF is further exmined by electrochemical water-splitting tests. Significant overpotential improvements of 90 and 150 mV for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction are observed, respectively, owing to the MF-induced alignment of the NPs and controlled elemental compositions. This work provides a general bottom-up approach for the synthesis of metamaterials with high outputs yet a simple setup.
Keywords: laser direct writing; magnetic field alignment; metal-organic frameworks; metamaterials; water splitting.
© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.