Development of a 24-Hour Movement Behavior Questionnaire for Youth: Process and Reliability Testing

Abstract

Objective: To develop and evaluate the reliability of a 24-hour movement behavior questionnaire for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for youth in South Korea.

Design: Mixed-methods study using literature review, expert panels, pilot tests, and test-retest reliability.

Setting: Seoul and Gyeongg-do, South Korea.

Participants: A convenience sample of middle and high school students for a pilot test (n = 120) and reliability testing (n = 147).

Main outcome measures: The reliability of a 24-hour movement behavior questionnaire.

Analysis: Cohen's kappa, Spearman, and intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability testing.

Results: The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions in 5 categories: general information, sleep and nap, active transportation-related activity, school life, and free-time activities. The 24-hour movement behavior questionnaire achieved moderate reliability for all sleep, physical activity, and sedentary (r = 0.79, 0.61, 0.56). The amount of sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behavior indicated moderate-to-good rest-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.79 (P < 0.01).

Conclusions and implications: The 24-hour movement behavior questionnaire was reliable for measuring sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in Korean adolescents aged 13-17 years. The development of this questionnaire could facilitate more accurate and useful measurements of adolescent's activities and lifestyles in South Korea.

Keywords: adolescents; physical activity; sedentary behavior; sleep; survey.