Instantaneous radiated power of brain activity: application to prepulse inhibition and facilitation for body dysmorphic disorder

Anastasios E Giannopoulos; Sotirios T Spantideas; Christos Capsalis; Panos Papageorgiou; Nikolaos Kapsalis; Konstantinos Kontoangelos; Charalabos Papageorgiou

doi:10.1186/s12938-021-00946-9

Instantaneous radiated power of brain activity: application to prepulse inhibition and facilitation for body dysmorphic disorder

Biomed Eng Online. 2021 Oct 24;20(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s12938-021-00946-9.

Authors

Anastasios E Giannopoulos¹, Sotirios T Spantideas², Christos Capsalis², Panos Papageorgiou³, Nikolaos Kapsalis², Konstantinos Kontoangelos⁴, Charalabos Papageorgiou^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Postal Code 15780, Athens, Greece. angianno_8@hotmail.com.
² School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Postal Code 15780, Athens, Greece.
³ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
⁴ First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sophias Ave., 11528, Athens, Greece.
⁵ University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", (UMHRI), Athens, Greece.

Abstract

Background: Global measures of neuronal activity embrace the advantage of a univariate, holistic and unique description of brain activity, reducing the spatial dimensions of electroencephalography (EEG) analysis at the cost of lower precision in localizing effects. In this work, the instantaneous radiated power (IRP) is proposed as a new whole-brain descriptor, reflecting the cortical activity from an exclusively electromagnetic perspective. Considering that the brain consists of multiple elementary dipoles, the whole-brain IRP takes into account the radiational contribution of all cortical sources. Unlike conventional EEG analyses that evaluate a large number of scalp or source locations, IRP reflects a whole-brain, event-related measure and forces the analysis to focus on a single time-series, thus efficiently reducing the EEG spatial dimensions and multiple comparisons.

Results: To apply the developed methodology in real EEG data, two groups (25 controls vs 30 body dysmorphic disorder, BDD, patients) were matched for age and sex and tested in a prepulse inhibition (PPI) and facilitation (PPF) paradigm. Two global brain descriptors were extracted for between-groups and between-conditions comparison purposes, namely the global field power (GFP) and the whole-brain IRP. Results showed that IRP can replicate the expected condition differences (with PPF being greater than PPI responses), exhibiting also reduced levels in BDD compared to control group overall. There were also similar outcomes using GFP and IRP, suggesting consistency between the two measures. Finally, regression analysis showed that the PPI-related IRP (during N100 time-window) is negatively correlated with BDD psychometric scores.

Conclusions: Investigating the brain activity with IRP significantly reduces the data dimensionality, giving insights about global brain synchronization and strength. We conclude that IRP can replicate the existing evidence regarding sensorimotor gating effects, revealing also group electrophysiological alterations. Finally, electrophysiological IRP responses exhibited correlations with BDD psychometrics, potentially useful as supplementary tool in BDD symptomatology.

Keywords: Body dysmorphic disorder; EEG; Instantaneous radiated power; Prepulse inhibition; sLORETA.

MeSH terms

Body Dysmorphic Disorders*
Brain
Electroencephalography
Humans
Prepulse Inhibition*
Psychometrics