Investigation of MXenes Oxidation Process during SPS Method Annealing

Jaroslaw Wozniak; Mateusz Petrus; Tomasz Cygan; Artur Lachowski; Marek Kostecki; Agnieszka Jastrzębska; Anita Wojciechowska; Tomasz Wojciechowski; Andrzej Olszyna

doi:10.3390/ma14206011

Investigation of MXenes Oxidation Process during SPS Method Annealing

Materials (Basel). 2021 Oct 12;14(20):6011. doi: 10.3390/ma14206011.

Authors

Jaroslaw Wozniak¹, Mateusz Petrus¹, Tomasz Cygan¹, Artur Lachowski¹, Marek Kostecki¹, Agnieszka Jastrzębska¹, Anita Wojciechowska¹, Tomasz Wojciechowski², Andrzej Olszyna¹

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
² Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.

Abstract

This paper discusses the effects of the environment and temperature of the Ti₃C₂ (MXene) oxidation process. The MXene powders were annealed at temperatures of 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 °C in argon and vacuum using a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) furnace. The purpose of the applied annealing method was to determine the influence of a high heating rate on the MXene degradation scheme. Additionally, to determine the thermal stability of MXene during the sintering of SiC matrix composites, SiC-C-B-Ti₃C₂ powder mixtures were also annealed. The process parameters were as follows: Temperatures of 1400 and 1600 °C, and pressure of 30 MPa in a vacuum. Observations of the microstructure showed that, due to annealing of the SiC-C-B-Ti₃C₂ powder mixtures, porous particles are formed consisting of TiC, Ti₃C₂^sym, and amorphous carbon. The formation of porous particles is a transitional stage in the formation of disordered carbon structures.

Keywords: MXenes; Ti3C2; microstructure; oxidation.

Grants and funding

ID-UB/Warsaw University of Technology