Development of New Cancer Treatment by Identifying and Focusing the Genetic Mutations or Altered Expression in Gynecologic Cancers

Yun-Hsin Tang; Chiao-Yun Lin; Chyong-Huey Lai

doi:10.3390/genes12101593

Development of New Cancer Treatment by Identifying and Focusing the Genetic Mutations or Altered Expression in Gynecologic Cancers

Genes (Basel). 2021 Oct 9;12(10):1593. doi: 10.3390/genes12101593.

Authors

Yun-Hsin Tang^{1

2}, Chiao-Yun Lin^{1

2}, Chyong-Huey Lai^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
² Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.

Abstract

With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) research network has given gynecologic cancers molecular classifications, which impacts clinical practice more and more. New cancer treatments that identify and target pathogenic abnormalities of genes have been in rapid development. The most prominent progress in gynecologic cancers is the clinical efficacy of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which have shown breakthrough benefits in reducing hazard ratios (HRs) (HRs between 0.2 and 0.4) of progression or death from BRCA1/2 mutated ovarian cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibition is also promising in cancers that harbor mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI). In this review, we focus on the druggable genetic alterations in gynecologic cancers by summarizing literature findings and completed and ongoing clinical trials.

Keywords: endometrial cancer; gynecologic cancer; homologous recombination repair; mismatch repair; ovarian cancer.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Female
Genital Neoplasms, Female / drug therapy*
Genital Neoplasms, Female / genetics
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Humans
Mutation*
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors / therapeutic use

Substances

Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors