Objective: To compare the outcomes of multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and simultaneous combined single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (ECIRS) as treatment for staghorn stones. Methods: The clinical data of patients with staghorn stones who were treated with multi-tract PCNL or single-tract ECIRS in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Two group of patients were placed in semisupine-lithotomy position (Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position). We punctured into the renal calyces guided by ultrasonography. A F6 double J stent and a nephrostomy tube were routinely inserted in both groups. Kidney-ureter-bladder radiography (KUB) or computed tomography (CT) were done within 24 hours and 1 month after procedure to determine stone free rate (SFR). Stone free was defined as no residual stones or residual stones of <4 mm in diameter. The SFR, operating time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and hospitalization time of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: A total of 135 patients were included in the study, 70 patients were female, 65 patients were male. The average age were 50.8 years. A total of 74 patients were managed by multi-tract PCNL, while 61 patients were treated by single-tract ECIRS. The mean stone diameter was (58.5±11.4) mm in the PCNL group and (57.7±11.6) mm in the ECIRS group (P=0.658). Neither the 24-hour SFR (81.1% vs 80.3%) nor one-month SFR (91.9% vs 90.2%) after procedure was significantly different between the groups (both P>0.05). The operating time was significantly longer in PCNL group compared with ECIRS group [130(100,171) vs 105(90,135) min, P=0.015]. The rate of Clavien-Dindo grade 2 or higher were significantly higher in the PCNL group than the ECIRS group (18.92% vs 1.64%, P<0.01). The PCNL group required longer hospitalization time than the ECIRS group [8 (7, 9) vs 6 (5, 8) d, P<0.01]. Conclusions: Both multi-tract PCNL and single-tract ECIRS treating staghorn stones in semisupine-lithotomy position are safe and effective. The two procedures have comparable SFR. However, the ECIRS group has lower rates of postoperative complications, shorter operating time and hospitalization time.
目的： 探讨比较多通道经皮肾镜碎石术（PCNL）与单通道经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜碎石术（ECIRS）治疗鹿角形肾结石的疗效。 方法： 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院收治的多通道PCNL及单通道ECIRS治疗的鹿角形结石患者的临床资料。两组患者手术体位均为斜跨位（即斜仰卧-截石位），采用超声引导经皮肾穿刺；两组均常规留置F6双J管与肾造瘘管。术后24 h及术后1个月复查腹部平片（KUB）或计算机断层扫描（CT）评估结石清除率（SFR），无结石残留或残留碎片<4 mm视为结石清除。比较分析两组的SFR、手术时间、术中术后并发症、住院时间等。 结果： 本研究共纳入135例患者，女70例，男65例，平均年龄50.8岁。其中74例行多通道PCNL，61例行单通道ECIRS。PCNL组肾结石长径为（58.5±11.4）mm，ECIRS组结石长径为（57.7±11.6）mm（P=0.658）。两组术后24 h的SFR（81.1% 比 80.3%）与术后1个月的SFR（91.9%比90.2%）差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。PCNL组对比ECIRS组需更长的手术时间［M（Q1，Q3）为130（100，171）比105（90，135）min，P=0.015］。PCNL组的Clavien-Dindo 2级以上并发症的发生率更高（18.92%比1.64%，P<0.01），且住院时间长于ECIRS组［M（Q1，Q3）为8（7，9）比6（5，8）d，P<0.01］。 结论： 斜跨位多通道PCNL和单通道ECIRS处理鹿角形肾结石均安全有效，两种手术方法的SFR相当，ECIRS组具有更低的术后并发症率、更短的手术时间及住院时间。.